Choosing the right roof for a commercial building requires understanding the different types of commercial roofing systems and materials available. Each option offers unique benefits, durability, and suitability depending on climate, building structure, and maintenance needs. Whether you’re looking for energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness, or long-term durability, there’s a commercial roofing system to meet your goals.
Below, we’ll explore the various types of commercial roofing materials and systems, helping you find the best fit for your property’s needs and specifications.
Different types of commercial roofing systems and materials
Understanding the different types of commercial roofs and their commercial roof materials is essential when selecting a roofing system for your business. Each type offers unique features, from durability and weather resistance to energy efficiency and environmental impact.
Below is a list of commonly used materials and methods in commercial roofing, each designed to meet specific needs depending on building structure, parts of a roof, climate, and maintenance requirements.
- Commercial Roofing Construction Methods
- Flat Roof
- Low Slope
- Steep Slope
- Commercial Roofing Material Types
- Metal Roofing
- Built-up Roofing (BUR)
- Modified Bitumen
- Green Roofing
- TPO (Thermoplastic Polyolefin)
- EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer)
- Asphalt Shingle
- PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Roof
- Single Ply
- Thermoplastic Polyolefin
- Liquid Applied Roofing
- Spray Foam Roofing
- Polyurethane
- Thermoset Roof Membrane
- TPO Membrane Roofing System Roll
- Low Slope Roof
- BUR (Built-Up Roofing)
- Thermoplastic Membrane
Commercial roof construction types
Knowing more about commercial building roof types and the options for commercial building roof structure is essential in determining the best roof for your property. Different construction types—such as flat roofs, low slopes, and steep slopes—offer various benefits depending on the building’s design, purpose, and location.
Below, we’ll explore each type of construction in detail, highlighting when it’s most suitable, along with the pros and cons of each, and which option is best.
Flat Roof
Flat roof types are a common choice for commercial buildings, particularly in urban areas where maximizing usable space is crucial. This roof structure is often used for buildings requiring HVAC systems, solar panels, or even rooftop gardens, as its design provides easy accessibility.
Pros:
- Efficient Use of Space: Allows installation of HVAC units and other equipment.
- Cost-Effective Installation: Typically cheaper to install and maintain than sloped roofs.
- Easy Accessibility: Safer and simpler to inspect and maintain.
Cons:
- Drainage Issues: Prone to water pooling, which can lead to leaks and damage over time.
- Shorter Lifespan: Requires regular maintenance and inspection to prevent wear and tear.
- Limited Suitability in Heavy Rainfall Areas: Not ideal for regions with high rainfall unless designed with an advanced drainage system.
Low Slope Roof
Low slope roofs are often used in larger commercial buildings, where they allow for water runoff but still offer some accessibility. This type of roof structure is ideal for buildings in mild climates with moderate rainfall and is easier to maintain than steep slope roofs.
Pros:
- Improved Drainage Compared to Flat Roofs: Allows for some water runoff, reducing pooling risk.
- Lower Installation Cost than Steep Slopes: Easier and less expensive to install than steep slope roofs.
- Suitable for Equipment Installations: Can accommodate HVAC units and other rooftop installations with fewer modifications than steep roofs.
Cons:
- Less Aesthetic Appeal: May not suit all building designs, especially those prioritizing visual appeal.
- Moderate Drainage: Not as effective as steep slopes in areas with heavy rainfall.
- Potential for Water Damage Over Time: Still requires regular maintenance to prevent water buildup and leaks.
Steep Slope Roof
Steep slope roofs are less common in commercial settings but are sometimes used for buildings requiring high aesthetic appeal or for regions experiencing heavy rainfall or snow. This design allows for rapid water and snow runoff, reducing the risk of leaks.
Pros:
- Excellent Drainage: Reduces the likelihood of water and snow buildup, making it ideal for areas with high precipitation.
- Longer Lifespan: Durable and requires less frequent maintenance than flat and low slope roofs.
- Improved Energy Efficiency: Offers natural ventilation, which can reduce cooling costs in warmer climates.
Cons:
- Higher Installation Cost: Steep slope roofs are more complex to install, which can increase labor and material costs.
- Reduced Accessibility: Regular maintenance and inspections are more challenging and may require special safety equipment.
- Limited Equipment Space: Less practical for rooftop HVAC or solar panels, as the angle can complicate installations.
Types of commercial roofing materials
When selecting commercial roof material types, it’s essential to understand the options available and their suitability for different roof slopes (flat, low, and steep). Each material offers unique characteristics, durability, and cost considerations, allowing property owners to find the best fit for their building’s structure, location, and usage needs.
Below is a detailed guide to common commercial roofing materials, their alternative names, and an analysis of their pros and cons.
Built-Up Roofing (BUR)
Built-up roofing, often referred to as BUR, is one of the traditional roof materials composed of layers of tar, gravel, and felt. It’s typically used for flat or low-slope roofs due to its excellent durability and waterproofing qualities.
Pros:
- Durability: BUR systems provide reliable protection and have a lifespan of 15-30 years, making it one of the one of the longest lasting roof material options out there.
- Waterproofing Layers: The multiple layers offer strong protection against water penetration.
- Energy Efficiency: BUR materials reflect UV rays, which helps reduce cooling costs.
Cons:
- Heavy Material: BUR is quite heavy, often requiring reinforced structural support.
- Time-Consuming Installation: Installation requires precision and time due to the multiple layers.
- Odor and Fumes: The tar can emit strong odors and fumes during installation, which can affect nearby areas.
Modified Bitumen
Modified bitumen roofing is an asphalt-based system that includes added layers for flexibility and strength, making it suitable for flat or low-slope roofs. It’s often considered a more flexible version of BUR.
Pros:
- Flexible in Cold Weather: The material performs well in cold temperatures without cracking.
- Durable and Weather-Resistant: Withstands moderate weather conditions, including rain and snow.
- Easy Repairs: Minor damages can often be repaired with a simple patch.
Cons:
- Limited Lifespan: Modified bitumen roofs typically last 10-20 years.
- Requires Regular Maintenance: Needs routine inspections to prevent small cracks from worsening.
- Less Environmentally Friendly: Asphalt-based materials aren’t the most sustainable option.
Metal Roofing (Steel, Aluminum, Copper, Galvalume)
Metal roofing is a popular choice for commercial buildings due to its durability and versatility. The various types of metal roofing include steel, aluminum, copper, and galvalume, each offering unique benefits depending on the building’s requirements. Metal roofs are suitable for both low-slope and steep-slope roofs, making them adaptable to various commercial structures.
Pros:
- Longevity: Metal roofs can last up to 50 years or more with proper maintenance.
- Lightweight: Puts less stress on the building structure compared to other materials.
- Energy-Efficient: Reflects sunlight, reducing cooling costs in hot climates.
Cons:
- Higher Initial Cost: Metal roofing can be more expensive to install.
- Noise Factor: Metal can be noisy during heavy rain or hail unless soundproofing measures are taken.
- Prone to Rust (Depending on Material): Some metals may corrode if not adequately treated or coated.
Thermoplastic Polyolefin (TPO)
TPO roofing is a single-ply membrane known for its energy efficiency and durability. It’s commonly used on flat or low-slope roofs.
Pros:
- Highly Reflective Surface: Helps lower cooling costs by reflecting UV rays.
- Durability: TPO membranes are resistant to mold, dirt, and punctures.
- Eco-Friendly Option: TPO is recyclable, making it a sustainable choice.
Cons:
- Relatively New Material: Long-term performance isn’t as well-documented as older materials.
- Heat-Welded Seams: Installation requires experienced roofers to properly weld seams.
- Not Suitable for High-Traffic Areas: TPO is best for roofs with minimal foot traffic.
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM)
EPDM, also known as rubber roofing, is a synthetic rubber material used primarily on flat roofs. It’s known for its resilience and weather resistance.
Pros:
- Affordable Material: Generally less expensive than other single-ply membranes.
- Long-Lasting: Can last 20-30 years with minimal maintenance.
- Flexible and Weather-Resistant: Performs well in a variety of climates, especially colder areas.
Cons:
- Limited Color Options: Typically available only in black, which absorbs heat.
- Seam Adhesion Issues: Seams can weaken over time and require occasional resealing.
- Vulnerability to Chemicals: Certain chemicals can degrade EPDM over time.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
PVC roofing is another single-ply roofing membrane, similar to TPO but with added flexibility and durability. It’s ideal for flat or low-slope roofs, especially in areas exposed to chemicals or oil.
Pros:
- Chemical Resistance: Highly resistant to oil, grease, and chemical exposure.
- Fire-Resistant: PVC is fire-retardant, providing added safety.
- Durability: Typically lasts 20-30 years with minimal maintenance.
Cons:
- Higher Cost: PVC can be more expensive than other single-ply membranes.
- Environmental Impact: Not as eco-friendly due to its chlorine content.
- Requires Skilled Installation: Proper installation is crucial for longevity and performance.
Asphalt Shingle (Composite Shingle)
Although more common in residential properties, asphalt shingles can sometimes be used on steep-slope commercial buildings. Composite shingles are one of the common types of shingles, made from a fiberglass base with an asphalt coating.
Pros:
- Cost-Effective: One of the most affordable roofing materials.
- Wide Variety of Styles: Available in many colors and styles to match building aesthetics.
- Simple to Install and Replace: Repairs are straightforward and less costly.
Cons:
- Shorter Lifespan: Generally lasts 15-20 years.
- Not Suitable for Flat Roofs: Designed for steep slopes only.
- Susceptible to Weather Damage: May degrade faster in extreme weather conditions.
Green Roofing
Green roofs, also known as vegetative or living roofs, incorporate soil and vegetation layers over a waterproof membrane. They are typically installed on flat roofs and provide environmental benefits.
Pros:
- Environmental Impact: Helps reduce carbon footprint and provides natural insulation.
- Stormwater Management: Absorbs rainwater, reducing runoff.
- Extended Roof Life: The vegetation layer protects the roof membrane, extending its lifespan.
Cons:
- Higher Installation Cost: Requires structural reinforcement and specialized installation.
- Maintenance Requirements: Regular upkeep is necessary to maintain plant health.
- Limited Suitability: Not ideal for all buildings, especially those with weight constraints.
Spray Foam Roofing (SPF)
Spray polyurethane foam (SPF) roofing is applied as a liquid that expands into a foam, creating a seamless, insulated layer. It’s commonly used on flat and low-slope roofs.
Pros:
- Energy Efficiency: SPF provides excellent insulation, reducing heating and cooling costs.
- Seamless Application: The foam creates a continuous layer, minimizing leaks.
- Lightweight: Adds minimal weight to the building structure.
Cons:
- Specialized Installation: Requires skilled applicators for proper installation.
- Vulnerability to UV Damage: Needs a protective coating to shield it from sunlight, so choosing the best roof coating for this is ideal.
- High Initial Cost: SPF can be expensive due to the specialized application.
TPO (Thermoplastic Polyolefin)
TPO is a single-ply membrane roofing material known for its durability, flexibility, and energy efficiency. It’s commonly used on flat or low-slope commercial roofs and is available in various thicknesses, allowing for different levels of protection.
Pros:
- Highly Reflective: TPO reflects UV rays, which can significantly reduce cooling costs.
- Durable and Resistant to Punctures: Known for its durability against tears, mold, and dirt.
- Eco-Friendly: TPO is recyclable, making it an environmentally friendly choice.
Cons:
- Newer Material with Limited Longevity Data: Although TPO is popular, its long-term durability is still being assessed.
- Requires Skilled Installation: Seams must be heat-welded by experienced contractors for optimal performance.
- Not Suitable for High-Traffic Areas: Best suited for low-traffic flat roofs, as frequent foot traffic can cause wear.
Single Ply Roofing
Single-ply roofing systems, which include both TPO and EPDM materials, are flexible sheets made from synthetic polymers. They are used widely for flat and low-slope roofs due to their straightforward installation and maintenance.
Pros:
- Lightweight: Single-ply materials are generally lighter, reducing strain on the roof structure.
- Versatile Material Choices: Available in different types, such as TPO, PVC, and EPDM, each suited for various climates.
- Cost-Effective: Installation and maintenance costs are generally lower than multi-layered systems.
Cons:
- Less Durable in High-Traffic Areas: Susceptible to wear if the roof has frequent foot traffic.
- Seam Vulnerability: Seams may require periodic inspection and resealing to prevent leaks.
- Limited Aesthetic Appeal: Mostly functional and less focused on architectural aesthetics.
Liquid Applied Roofing
Liquid applied roofing systems are a versatile solution for flat or low-slope roofs, applied in liquid form to create a seamless, waterproof membrane. They are often used as a restorative layer to prolong the life of an existing roof.
Pros:
- Seamless Application: Eliminates seam vulnerabilities, creating a continuous, waterproof layer.
- Adaptable to Complex Shapes: Suitable for roofs with many penetrations or irregular shapes.
- Quick Installation: Can be applied quickly and in stages to minimize disruptions.
Cons:
- Specialized Installation: Requires skilled professionals for even application, as uneven thickness can lead to vulnerabilities.
- Frequent Reapplication: May require additional applications after several years to maintain effectiveness.
- Weather Dependent: Application may be limited by weather, as rain or cold can affect curing time.
Polyurethane Roofing
Polyurethane roofing is a type of spray foam system that expands to create a waterproof layer over flat and low-slope roofs. This material is especially popular for its insulating properties, making it ideal for energy-conscious commercial buildings.
Pros:
- High Insulation Value: Excellent thermal resistance, reducing energy costs year-round.
- Seamless Layering: Eliminates potential for seam leaks, providing a continuous waterproof barrier.
- Lightweight and Flexible: Reduces structural load without compromising durability.
Cons:
- Requires Protective Coating: Exposed polyurethane can degrade in UV light, requiring additional coating.
- Higher Initial Cost: The specialized application process can be costly.
- Maintenance Needs: Needs regular inspections to ensure coating remains intact and effective.
Thermoset Roof Membrane
Thermoset roof membranes, commonly known as EPDM, are synthetic rubber membranes ideal for low-slope commercial roofs. They are known for their flexibility, durability, and ease of installation.
Pros:
- Flexible in Extreme Temperatures: Performs well in hot and cold climates, resisting cracking.
- Long Lifespan: Often lasts 20-30 years with minimal maintenance.
- Environmentally Resistant: Resists damage from UV rays, ozone, and certain chemicals.
Cons:
- Limited Color Options: Typically only available in black, which can absorb more heat.
- Seam Vulnerability: Requires regular seam maintenance to prevent potential leaks.
- Susceptible to Punctures: Not ideal for roofs with heavy foot traffic.
Thermoplastic Membrane
Thermoplastic membranes, such as PVC and TPO, are single-ply systems that soften when heated and harden when cooled. These are primarily used for flat and low-slope commercial roofs, with PVC being popular in areas prone to chemicals and grease.
Pros:
- Durable and Puncture-Resistant: Performs well in high-traffic areas, making it ideal for roofs requiring regular maintenance.
- Energy Efficient: Reflective surfaces reduce cooling costs and UV damage.
- Chemical Resistance: Particularly effective in areas with potential chemical exposure, such as restaurants.
Cons:
- Skilled Installation Needed: Requires heat welding, so experienced contractors are necessary for a proper install.
- Higher Material Cost: Generally more expensive than traditional asphalt-based systems.
- Vulnerable in Extreme Cold: Some thermoplastic membranes can become brittle in very cold temperatures.
Selecting the right roof material types is key for protecting your building and meeting your budget and sustainability goals. Each material provides unique advantages, making it essential to match your choice with the roof structure and your specific needs.
Key takeaways on the types of commercial roof systems
When choosing a roofing system for a commercial property, durability, cost, and suitability for specific structural needs must be considered. With so many industrial roof types available, each option provides unique benefits, making it vital to select a system that aligns with the building’s requirements and environmental conditions.
Here are some key takeaways on commercial roofing choices:
- Material Selection and Maintenance Needs: Choosing durable materials like metal, TPO, or EPDM is essential for longevity and minimal upkeep. Metal roofs can last up to 50 years, while TPO and EPDM offer energy efficiency but may need occasional inspections.
- Roof Slope and Drainage: The roof slope—whether flat, low, or steep—affects installation ease and the average roof repair cost. Flat roofs are ideal for HVAC placement but need proper drainage, while steep slopes allow rapid water runoff.
- Balancing Cost and Long-Term Performance: Upfront costs vary widely. BUR and modified bitumen are affordable initially but need regular maintenance, while spray foam or polyurethane roofs, though more expensive, offer better insulation and weather resistance, potentially reducing long-term costs.
- Environmental Benefits: Options like green roofs and TPO reduce energy use and promote sustainability. Reflective materials further enhance energy efficiency, making them ideal for large commercial and industrial roofs.
Whether prioritizing durability, low maintenance, or sustainability, understanding these key points helps guide the decision toward a roofing system that aligns with both immediate needs and long-term goals. For more information or to receive an estimate, reach out to a trusted Brooklyn roofing contractor to discuss options tailored to your specific requirements.
We can give roofing estimates, roofing replacement costs, gutter services for all types of gutters, and more. Contact us today!
FAQs
What is commercial roofing?
Commercial roofing refers to specialized roofing systems designed for commercial buildings, such as office buildings, warehouses, and retail spaces. Unlike that of residential roofing, commercial roofing systems are typically larger and more complex, often featuring flat or low-slope designs to accommodate HVAC systems and other equipment.
Commercial roofing materials are chosen for durability, energy efficiency, and resistance to weather. These systems are often tailored to the specific needs of the building, considering factors like the local climate, building structure, and cost-effectiveness.
What is the best commercial roofing material?
The best commercial roofing material depends on your building’s needs, budget, and location. TPO and EPDM are popular for their energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness, while metal roofing offers longevity and durability, often lasting over 50 years. Built-up roofing (BUR) is ideal for flat roofs needing extra waterproofing.
Each material has unique benefits. For instance, TPO is highly reflective, which reduces cooling costs, while EPDM performs well in extreme temperatures. Consulting with a professional can help determine the ideal choice for your property.
What are the most common commercial roof types?
The most common commercial roof types include flat roofs, low-slope roofs, and steep-slope roofs. Flat roofs, frequently used for urban buildings, provide easy access and space for HVAC equipment. Low-slope roofs are common for warehouses and large retail spaces, while steep-slope roofs are better for water runoff.
Each roof type is designed for specific building structures and climates. Flat and low-slope roofs often use materials like TPO, EPDM, and BUR, while steep-slope roofs might use metal or shingles for durability and aesthetic appeal.
